Main Parts of Indian Politics

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Indian politics is primarily divided into three organs of government, as defined by the Constitution of India:

1. Legislature (Law-making body)

Role: Makes laws, approves budgets, and represents the people.

Levels:

Union Legislature (Parliament):

Lok Sabha (House of the People)

Rajya Sabha (Council of States)


State Legislatures:

Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)

Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) – only in some states





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2. Executive (Law-implementing body)

Role: Implements laws, runs government programs, and handles administration.

Components:

President of India – Constitutional head of the country

Prime Minister & Council of Ministers – Real executive authority

State Executives:

Governor (ceremonial head)

Chief Minister & Council of Ministers (real power at state level)





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3. Judiciary (Law-interpreting body)

Role: Protects the Constitution, ensures justice, and resolves disputes.

Structure:

Supreme Court of India (apex court)

High Courts (state level)

District & Subordinate Courts (local level)




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Other Important Parts of Indian Politics

Besides the three main organs, Indian politics also includes:

4. Political Parties

Classified as National and State parties (like BJP, INC, AAP, TMC, DMK).

They contest elections and form governments.


5. Election Commission of India (ECI)

Conducts free and fair elections for Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Assemblies, and the President.


6. Bureaucracy & Civil Services

IAS, IPS, IFS officers who help implement policies and run administration efficiently.


7. Local Government (Panchayati Raj & Urban Bodies)

Rural: Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, Zila Parishad

Urban: Municipality, Municipal Corporation

Strengthened by the 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendments


8. Media & Public Opinion

Plays a crucial role in shaping democracy and political awareness.


9. Pressure Groups & NGOs

Influence government policies (like farmers’ unions, trade unions, environmental groups).

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